Abstract:
In this study a model for the orientation dependent surface stabilization
of diamond grown from the vapour
phase is presented. The model is based on a first order broken bond
analysis of the diamond crystal with
additional considerations about surface reconstruction by dimer formation.
Due to the formation of dimers,
surface stabilization is expected for orientations corresponding to
Miller indices {hhk}(h<k) in the {110}
zones. It is demonstrated that this model gives a good description
of growth phenomena like facets, curved
bands and microfaceting, observed on homoepitaxially grown diamond
samples. These specimens are
obtained by flame deposition on cylindrical type IIa natural diamond
substrates with {111}, {110} or {001}
top faces. In conformation with the model the surfaces {hhk}(h<k)
between {111} and {113} appear to be
stabilized in one direction, while a discrete number of orientations
between {113} and {001} are subject to
two-dimensional stabilization. All other surfaces are stabilized by
the development of microfacets which also
have orientations close to {hhk}(h<k), as was determined by laser
reflectometry. In addition it is shown that
differences in the orientation dependent incorporation of nitrogen
as nitrogen-vacancy pairs in the diamond
lattice is consistent with the described model. For this purpose a
single crystalline diamond layer grown on top
of a hemispherical diamond substrate by the flame technique was investigated
by cathodoluminescence
topography.